hey, sorry to ask, but wat is the difference between electrical and electronics?? a basic question though, but most of the people have their different views......... so guys.........
Hey guys, If I execute the following code, what will happen ? int *ptr; ptr = malloc(100); ptr++; free(ptr);
Now ptr points to 2nd integer block. Now if i use free ptr (as shown in code) what will it do ? Will it free the whole 100 byte memory or something else ?
Twitter is an online social networking tool in which users post 140 character updates of what is going on in their lives along with links to things they think are interesting, funny, or useful to their followers ("following" being essentially what "friending" is on other sites). People use twitter in many ways, some as a newsfeed by following prominent people or networks, some as a pseudo-chatroom by limiting their followers and whom they follow to close friends and family, and some as a microblog for updating people about the work they are doing and their personal lives.
Hello, I have been placed in the above two companies. Please help me choose one and please provide a reason for your suggestion if possible. Thank you.
Hi this is Bhagyashree(and the alias for my name is Bags :cool: : P) Am studying in my 3rd year of Engineering.(Electronics and Telecommunication) I have an emerging interest in Computer Networking and Programming. Hope its fun to share and learn with you guys out here :)
While designing a building using ETAB 9.5, I have observe that the reinforcment requirement in some (not all) column,particularly at outer side,are more at First floor than at Ground floor.
Theoritically ,reinforcement requirement of column at ground floor should be more than that for the column at other floor columns.
I didn't understand whether it is my INPUT problem in the software (which I don't think it is,I have cross checked it a number of time),or its wrong calculation done by the software.
Chandigarh Group of Colleges take this opportunity to invite all the institutes of India for a joint campus placement drive by Oracle Financial Services Software Limited. on 7thJan 2011 & 8thJan 2011 for B.Tech (CS / CE / IT / EE / ECE / Mechanical / Civil), MCA, M.Sc. (Math / Statistics) 2010 pass out students. The details are as follows:
About Company Oracle Financial Services Software Ltd. (OFSS), majority owned by Oracle, is a world leader in providing IT solutions to the financial services industry. Oracle is the world’s largest enterprise software vendor with 320,000 global customers and USD 22.4 billion in revenue. Oracle’s customers include ten of the top ten global banks, ten of the top ten insurance companies, ten of the top ten securities firms, five of the top five mutual fund companies and four of the top five stock exchanges. OFSS offers financial services institutions the world's most comprehensive and contemporary banking applications and technology footprint that addresses their complex IT and business requirements. The company has delivered value-based IT solutions to over 880 financial institutions in over 135 countries. OFSS has over 10000 employees operating from 14 development centers across India, Singapore and the USA. In addition, OFSS is represented by 30 corporate business partners and 30 implementation partners across the globe. The company also has strong alliance and/or implementation relationships with industry leaders such as Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Sun Microsystems and Intel.
Name of the Company Oracle Financial Services Software Ltd. (OFSS) Date of Campus Drive 7 th Jan 2011 & 8 th January 2011 Reporting Time 9:00 am Venue Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Gharuan Campus (Kharar-Ludhiana Road) Mohali Streams Eligible B.Tech (CS / CE / IT / EE / ECE / Mechanical / Civil), MCA, M.Sc. (Math / Statistics) 2010 pass out students Requirements Graduate Engineer Trainee Package 3 Lacs per annum Job Location Mumbai & Pune Additional Criteria 1. Class X – 60% and above 2. Class XII – 60% and above 3. Undergraduate Degree – 55% and above (applicable to MCA/ MSc students only) 4. Engineering / MCA / MSc – 1 st class 5. Highest degree should be from an accredited university / AICTE (All India Centre for Technical Education) 6. There should not be more than 1 year gap between Class XII and Undergraduate / Engineering 7. There should not be more than 1 year gap between Undergraduate and MCA / MSc.
For details and queries Contact: 8872060712, 8872060748
hi guys...please can anyone please direct me on how to connect and use the following :true RMS multimeter,function generator, variable resistor,oscilloscope to measure, compare and determine which is better between two different amplifiers for a better SOUND OUTPUT using these following specs for 1. linearity 2. gain 3 efficiency 4. bandwidth 5.noise 6. output dynamic range 7. slew rate 8. rise time i will appreciate if i can get a full description on how i can use these instruments i hav at hand to determine the above specs.thank you
hi guys...please can anyone please direct me on how to connect and use the following :true RMS multimeter,function generator, variable resistor,oscilloscope to measure, compare and determine which is better between two different amplifiers for a better SOUND OUTPUT using these following specs for 1. linearity 2. gain 3 efficiency 4. bandwidth 5.noise 6. output dynamic range 7. slew rate 8. rise time i will appreciate if i can get a full description on how i can use these instruments i hav at hand to determine the above specs.thank you
I planned to design the online shopping cart application. I visited the some of the sites like ebay for ideas. Still I am searching for the more requirements / ideas to design my application innovatively.
Why I'm asking here is , more of the buyers or sellers have an idea or feeling that some feature is not available in the ebay or some other popular sites while purchasing the product online.
Please put some ideas over here,
PS:- It does not matter what you want to post is already built in E-Bay..I'm collecting inputs/feedbacks only. :)
Eighty Percentage 80% of thermal power plants has boiler feed pump , that takes the water from the feedwater system ( from the DA) and provide this water to the boiler system , to generate steam which is responsible for rolling the Turbine,Therefore Generate Electricity.
Normally Feed water pumped to the boiler is pumped to the Boiler's Drum where at the top point of the boiler, so we have to provide big pump that can handle big pressure with great flow to the boiler.
That is happened by this huge pump ( Boiler Feed Pump ) , BFP is usually rotate with 5000 rpm ,150 barg and can provide about 300 T/H.
This big pump needs a prime mover with high electrical rating - Power Plants usually use Electrical Induction motor - to rotate this pump, the rating of this prime mover is usually about ( 5 MWatts , 6.6 KVolts , 1600 rpm ). It is very huge rating if you imagin , 5 MWatts can provide Electricity to a small town.
so , as you see in the picture ( left hand is the prime mover_motor) , (Right hand is the pump) and what is it at the middle of the picture??
Hydraulic Coupling
Hydraulic Coupling is used to transmit Power in a wear-free manner from a prime mover (driving machine) to a power consumer(driven machine-pump). the power is transmitted in the following way:-
* by means of a connecting coupling between the driving machine and geared variable speed coupling.
* by means of a step-up gear unit between the input shaft and primary shaft.
* hydro-dynamically by means of the working oil between the primary wheel and the secondary wheel.
* by means of connecting coupling between the driving machine and geared variable speed coupling.
the control at the hydraulic coupling is done by the scoop tube control, it provide infinitely variable adjustment of the driven machine's speed. the power from the driving machine is transmitted to the primary wheel to the working oil, the working oil is accelerated in the primary wheel, and the mechanical energy is converted into the energy of fluid flow. the secondary wheel picks up the flow energy and converts it into mechanical energy. this energy is transmitted to the driven machine.
Speed Control
the speed of the driven machine is infinitely variable. this is accomplished by varying the amount of oil in the coupling during operation with the aid of the adjustable scoope tube.
* Scoop tube advanced as far as possible into the scoop champer of the coupling (0% position):minimum oil ring , minimum speed.
* Scoop tube retracted as far as possible out of the scoop champer of the coupling (100% position): maximum oil ring, maximum output speed. THESE FILES ARE SO GOOD FOR THIS TOPIC.
Can Your Boiler Feed Pump Handle a Deaerator Pressure Transient?
"This is part of an article talking about the importance of DA and BFP positions at power plant "
In a typical steam power plant, the boiler feedwater (BFW) pump takes suction from the deaerator (DA) and discharges high-pressure water to the boiler through the feedwater heaters. During normal operation, the DA is supplied with steam turbine extraction steam to mix with and heat the feedwater. Other purposes for the DA are to provide the required net positive suction head (NPSH) for the BFW pump and to serve as a storage tank to ensure a continuous supply of feedwater during rapid changes in BFW demand. The available net positive suction head provided to a boiler feedwater pump can drop enough during a pressure excursion to cause cavitation and damage to the pump's internal parts. A careful analysis of various operating profiles can ensure that the pump operates safely during the pressure fluctuations that occur after a steam turbine trip or large load change. How does the plant designer or operator determine the adequacy of the BFW pump selection or the DA and feedwater system design? It's not uncommon to find that the BFW pump was originally specified based on steady-state conditions and did not consider the DA pressure transients that occur during a steam turbine trip (with the boiler remaining in service) or a sudden steam turbine load reduction. If the NPSH available to the BFW pump during the pressure transient drops below that required by the pump for only a short period of time, cavitation and damage to the pump internals often result. An NPSH deficit in an existing system or a new system under development can be avoided by using some very simple analytic tools.
Find the NPSH margin
The deaerator is installed at some elevation above the BFW pump to provide the NPSH required by the pump. By definition, the NPSHr is the total suction head over and above the vapor pressure of the liquid pumped. The DA elevation minus the dynamic losses in the BFW suction piping between the DA and the BFW pump equals the NPSH available (NPSHa) to the pump. The difference between the value of the NPSHa and that required (NPSHr) by the pump gives the NPSH margin. The NPSH margin or the NPSH margin ratio (NPSHa/NPSHr) is an important factor in ensuring adequate service life of the pump and minimizing noise, vibration, cavitation, and seal damage. The NPSH margin requirement increases as the suction energy level (for example, high suction specific speed, high peripheral velocity of impeller, and the like) of the pump increases. In the case of the BFW pump, this ratio could be in the range of 1.8 to 2.5. These margins are typically based on steady-state operation. In addition, the NPSH margin improves the ability of the BFW pump to handle a DA pressure transient. Once a design is determined to have an adequate NPSH margin, the next step is to determine if the NPSH margin is adequate during a pressure transient.
Expect Deaerator Pressure Decay
Immediately after a steam turbine generator trip, turbine extraction steam is no longer available to the deaerator, resulting in decay of the DA pressure. Also during a sudden steam turbine generator load reduction, the extraction steam pressure decreases until the extraction stage supplying the DA can no longer maintain DA pressure. This also results in DA pressure decay as the lower-temperature condensate continues to enter the DA, cooling the stored feedwater The decrease in DA pressure causes some of the water in the DA storage tank to flash to steam until saturation pressure is reached at the new DA pressure. The water in the BFW pump suction line has a static head exerted on it by the level in the DA storage tank, preventing it from flashing immediately. Therefore, the water in the suction line can be considered as a slug of hot fluid that must be moved through the pump in some finite amount of time. In other words, the pump will not perceive a decrease in vapor pressure (or a decrease in water temperature) until the entire slug of hot water has passed through the pump. During the passage of the hot-water slug, the combination of high vapor pressure at the pump suction along with a decrease in pump suction pressure (due to DA pressure decay), results in a "critical point" at which the suction pressure may drop below the minimum required pressure (that is, the vapor pressure of the hot-water slug plus the pressure equivalent of the NPSHr). This low suction pressure could result in cavitation damage to the pump internals due to insufficient net positive suction head
Short Residence Time
The time required for passage of the hot-water slug through the pump suction line is the "residence time." Residence time can be expressed as the suction line volume divided by the volumetric flow rate (or, alternatively, as the mass of liquid in the suction line divided by the mass flow rate) Note that because the vapor pressure at pump suction is modeled to decay only after the residence time has elapsed, the critical point occurs at the end of the residence time interval. The challenge is to determine the DA pressure at this critical point and thereby the system NPSH margin.
Options for Adding NPSH to the System
The main BFW pumps are generally large, high-energy pumps needing large amounts of NPSHr. One solution would be to raise the DA to a higher elevation to increase the NPSHa. This solution is normally not practical or cost-effective. Another approach is to install a low-speed, low-NPSH booster pump upstream of the BFW pump. The booster pump discharge pressure then provides the added NPSH required by the BFW pump. In addition, the same NPSH analysis must be made on the booster pump. The only difference is that in the case of the booster pump arrangement, the critical point and the critical point margin need to be evaluated at the booster pump suction as well as the BFW pump suction.
Additional Transient Condition
An additional transient condition that the system designer must consider occurs during a "hot start." In this situation, steam flash (water-steam mixture) can occur at the pump suction and cause cavitation damage to the pump internals. However, the mechanism causing steam flash is slightly different than what was discussed earlier. On a plant trip, the DA pressure drops and the water temperature inside the DA drops. However, the pump and suction piping near the pump remain at a higher temperature due to the mass of the metal. As a result, when the pump is operated on a hot restart of the plant, steam flash and cavitation are likely to occur at the pump suction
"This article for, Magdy Mahmoud is manager of engineering for PGESCo., Egypt."
An open feadwater heater , also called direct-contact and deaerating (DA) heater , is one that heats the feedwater by directly mixing it with bled steam from the turbine. Usually only one DA is used at Power Plant. Because the pressure in such a heater can't exceed the turbine pressure at the point of extraction, a pump (Main Boiler Feed Water Pump) must follow the heater. The confluence of steam and water flows makes possible the efficient removal of noncondensables as well as the heating of the feedwater.
The DA heater is usually positioned in the feedwater line at a pressure to prevent air inleakage and at a temperature at which Oxygen retention is least likely. Most DA heaters are designed for Oxygen concentration in the outlet feedwater below 0.005Cm3/L The DA outlet feedwater is at or near saturation. Pumping saturated water results in cavitation because of the pressure drop below saturated pressure, thus causing flashing on the back side of pump vanes. The DA heater is therefore usually positioned in the powerplant steam-generator house high above its pump by perhaps 60 ft. This provides sufficient pump inlet pressure to render the saturated water compressed (or subcooled) and prevents cavitations.
There are three types of DA heaters for industrial and utility use. 1) Spray-Type deaerators . In this type the feedwater enters the heater through nozzles that spray it into the extraction-steam-filled heater space. The water is heated and scrubbed to release the noncondensables gases. A second agitation of the now-heated feedwater by another steam flow is provided by an internal baffling system.
2) Tray-Type deaerators. Here the feedwater is directed onto a series of cascading horizontal trays. It falls in sheets or tubes from tray to tray and comes into contact with rising extraction steam admitted from the bottom of the tray system. As scrubbing occurs and noncondensables gases and some steam rise, they come into contact with colder water, resulting in a reduced volume of high concentration of noncondensables to vent into the atmosphere.
3) Combination spray-tray deaerator In this type, the feedwater is first sprayed into a steam-filled space, then made to cascade down trays. This combination type with horizontal stainless steel trays is currently preferred by utilities.
You noticed that just below the heater, is a relatively large feedwater tank (Storage Tank) which allows sufficient water for rapid load variations.
Eighty Percentage 80% of thermal power plants has boiler feed pump , that takes the water from the feedwater system ( from the DA) and provide this water to the boiler system , to generate steam which is responsible for rolling the Turbine,Therefore Generate Electricity.
Normally Feed water pumped to the boiler is pumped to the Boiler's Drum where at the top point of the boiler, so we have to provide big pump that can handle big pressure with great flow to the boiler.
That is happened by this huge pump ( Boiler Feed Pump ) , BFP is usually rotate with 5000 rpm ,150 barg and can provide about 300 T/H.
This big pump needs a prime mover with high electrical rating - Power Plants usually use Electrical Induction motor - to rotate this pump, the rating of this prime mover is usually about ( 5 MWatts , 6.6 KVolts , 1600 rpm ). It is very huge rating if you imagin , 5 MWatts can provide Electricity to a small town.
so , as you see in the picture ( left hand is the prime mover_motor) , (Right hand is the pump) and what is it at the middle of the picture??
Hydraulic Coupling
Hydraulic Coupling is used to transmit Power in a wear-free manner from a prime mover (driving machine) to a power consumer(driven machine-pump). the power is transmitted in the following way:-
* by means of a connecting coupling between the driving machine and geared variable speed coupling.
* by means of a step-up gear unit between the input shaft and primary shaft.
* hydro-dynamically by means of the working oil between the primary wheel and the secondary wheel.
* by means of connecting coupling between the driving machine and geared variable speed coupling.
the control at the hydraulic coupling is done by the scoop tube control, it provide infinitely variable adjustment of the driven machine's speed. the power from the driving machine is transmitted to the primary wheel to the working oil, the working oil is accelerated in the primary wheel, and the mechanical energy is converted into the energy of fluid flow. the secondary wheel picks up the flow energy and converts it into mechanical energy. this energy is transmitted to the driven machine.
Speed Control
the speed of the driven machine is infinitely variable. this is accomplished by varying the amount of oil in the coupling during operation with the aid of the adjustable scoope tube.
* Scoop tube advanced as far as possible into the scoop champer of the coupling (0% position):minimum oil ring , minimum speed.
* Scoop tube retracted as far as possible out of the scoop champer of the coupling (100% position): maximum oil ring, maximum output speed. THESE FILES ARE SO GOOD FOR THIS TOPIC.
RoboGames'11 The Annual Robotics Competition in Techkriti, IIT Kanpur
RoboGames is the platform where you can prove that your proficiency and experience in building robots is unparalleled in the nation. History bears testimony of the way in which instigated undergraduates have competed in a manner that has made RoboGames a primary attraction of Techkriti itself.
Undergraduate students of all disciplines are invited and challenged to participate in this competition which will comprise both manual and autonomous robotic events involving playing soccer, navigating different terrains, traversing under and on surface of water and entertaining the audience.
If you have a predilection for robotics, we welcome you to Robogames'11 @ IIT Kanpur, from 17th to 20th Feb 2011.
hi everyone.......im 3r year applied electronics and instumentation (aei) student .i need 2 do a mini project dis year,so cn u guyz plz help me wid ideas bot d topics i shld choose..plz
Can Your Boiler Feed Pump Handle a Deaerator Pressure Transient?
"This is part of an article talking about the importance of DA and BFP positions at power plant "
In a typical steam power plant, the boiler feedwater (BFW) pump takes suction from the deaerator (DA) and discharges high-pressure water to the boiler through the feedwater heaters. During normal operation, the DA is supplied with steam turbine extraction steam to mix with and heat the feedwater. Other purposes for the DA are to provide the required net positive suction head (NPSH) for the BFW pump and to serve as a storage tank to ensure a continuous supply of feedwater during rapid changes in BFW demand. The available net positive suction head provided to a boiler feedwater pump can drop enough during a pressure excursion to cause cavitation and damage to the pump's internal parts. A careful analysis of various operating profiles can ensure that the pump operates safely during the pressure fluctuations that occur after a steam turbine trip or large load change. How does the plant designer or operator determine the adequacy of the BFW pump selection or the DA and feedwater system design? It's not uncommon to find that the BFW pump was originally specified based on steady-state conditions and did not consider the DA pressure transients that occur during a steam turbine trip (with the boiler remaining in service) or a sudden steam turbine load reduction. If the NPSH available to the BFW pump during the pressure transient drops below that required by the pump for only a short period of time, cavitation and damage to the pump internals often result. An NPSH deficit in an existing system or a new system under development can be avoided by using some very simple analytic tools.
Find the NPSH margin
The deaerator is installed at some elevation above the BFW pump to provide the NPSH required by the pump. By definition, the NPSHr is the total suction head over and above the vapor pressure of the liquid pumped. The DA elevation minus the dynamic losses in the BFW suction piping between the DA and the BFW pump equals the NPSH available (NPSHa) to the pump. The difference between the value of the NPSHa and that required (NPSHr) by the pump gives the NPSH margin. The NPSH margin or the NPSH margin ratio (NPSHa/NPSHr) is an important factor in ensuring adequate service life of the pump and minimizing noise, vibration, cavitation, and seal damage. The NPSH margin requirement increases as the suction energy level (for example, high suction specific speed, high peripheral velocity of impeller, and the like) of the pump increases. In the case of the BFW pump, this ratio could be in the range of 1.8 to 2.5. These margins are typically based on steady-state operation. In addition, the NPSH margin improves the ability of the BFW pump to handle a DA pressure transient. Once a design is determined to have an adequate NPSH margin, the next step is to determine if the NPSH margin is adequate during a pressure transient.
Expect Deaerator Pressure Decay
Immediately after a steam turbine generator trip, turbine extraction steam is no longer available to the deaerator, resulting in decay of the DA pressure. Also during a sudden steam turbine generator load reduction, the extraction steam pressure decreases until the extraction stage supplying the DA can no longer maintain DA pressure. This also results in DA pressure decay as the lower-temperature condensate continues to enter the DA, cooling the stored feedwater The decrease in DA pressure causes some of the water in the DA storage tank to flash to steam until saturation pressure is reached at the new DA pressure. The water in the BFW pump suction line has a static head exerted on it by the level in the DA storage tank, preventing it from flashing immediately. Therefore, the water in the suction line can be considered as a slug of hot fluid that must be moved through the pump in some finite amount of time. In other words, the pump will not perceive a decrease in vapor pressure (or a decrease in water temperature) until the entire slug of hot water has passed through the pump. During the passage of the hot-water slug, the combination of high vapor pressure at the pump suction along with a decrease in pump suction pressure (due to DA pressure decay), results in a "critical point" at which the suction pressure may drop below the minimum required pressure (that is, the vapor pressure of the hot-water slug plus the pressure equivalent of the NPSHr). This low suction pressure could result in cavitation damage to the pump internals due to insufficient net positive suction head
Short Residence Time
The time required for passage of the hot-water slug through the pump suction line is the "residence time." Residence time can be expressed as the suction line volume divided by the volumetric flow rate (or, alternatively, as the mass of liquid in the suction line divided by the mass flow rate) Note that because the vapor pressure at pump suction is modeled to decay only after the residence time has elapsed, the critical point occurs at the end of the residence time interval. The challenge is to determine the DA pressure at this critical point and thereby the system NPSH margin.
Options for Adding NPSH to the System
The main BFW pumps are generally large, high-energy pumps needing large amounts of NPSHr. One solution would be to raise the DA to a higher elevation to increase the NPSHa. This solution is normally not practical or cost-effective. Another approach is to install a low-speed, low-NPSH booster pump upstream of the BFW pump. The booster pump discharge pressure then provides the added NPSH required by the BFW pump. In addition, the same NPSH analysis must be made on the booster pump. The only difference is that in the case of the booster pump arrangement, the critical point and the critical point margin need to be evaluated at the booster pump suction as well as the BFW pump suction.
Additional Transient Condition
An additional transient condition that the system designer must consider occurs during a "hot start." In this situation, steam flash (water-steam mixture) can occur at the pump suction and cause cavitation damage to the pump internals. However, the mechanism causing steam flash is slightly different than what was discussed earlier. On a plant trip, the DA pressure drops and the water temperature inside the DA drops. However, the pump and suction piping near the pump remain at a higher temperature due to the mass of the metal. As a result, when the pump is operated on a hot restart of the plant, steam flash and cavitation are likely to occur at the pump suction
"This article for, Magdy Mahmoud is manager of engineering for PGESCo., Egypt."
An open feadwater heater , also called direct-contact and deaerating (DA) heater , is one that heats the feedwater by directly mixing it with bled steam from the turbine. Usually only one DA is used at Power Plant. Because the pressure in such a heater can't exceed the turbine pressure at the point of extraction, a pump (Main Boiler Feed Water Pump) must follow the heater. The confluence of steam and water flows makes possible the efficient removal of noncondensables as well as the heating of the feedwater.
The DA heater is usually positioned in the feedwater line at a pressure to prevent air inleakage and at a temperature at which Oxygen retention is least likely. Most DA heaters are designed for Oxygen concentration in the outlet feedwater below 0.005Cm3/L The DA outlet feedwater is at or near saturation. Pumping saturated water results in cavitation because of the pressure drop below saturated pressure, thus causing flashing on the back side of pump vanes. The DA heater is therefore usually positioned in the powerplant steam-generator house high above its pump by perhaps 60 ft. This provides sufficient pump inlet pressure to render the saturated water compressed (or subcooled) and prevents cavitations.
There are three types of DA heaters for industrial and utility use. 1) Spray-Type deaerators . In this type the feedwater enters the heater through nozzles that spray it into the extraction-steam-filled heater space. The water is heated and scrubbed to release the noncondensables gases. A second agitation of the now-heated feedwater by another steam flow is provided by an internal baffling system.
2) Tray-Type deaerators. Here the feedwater is directed onto a series of cascading horizontal trays. It falls in sheets or tubes from tray to tray and comes into contact with rising extraction steam admitted from the bottom of the tray system. As scrubbing occurs and noncondensables gases and some steam rise, they come into contact with colder water, resulting in a reduced volume of high concentration of noncondensables to vent into the atmosphere.
3) Combination spray-tray deaerator In this type, the feedwater is first sprayed into a steam-filled space, then made to cascade down trays. This combination type with horizontal stainless steel trays is currently preferred by utilities.
You noticed that just below the heater, is a relatively large feedwater tank (Storage Tank) which allows sufficient water for rapid load variations.
Geinimi - the new Android Trojan is infecting android powered handhelds all over the world. If you are and android phone owner, this news might be important to you. Lookout Mobile security company has discovered this Trojan steals personal data from your mobiles and sends it to a centralized server. This information can include your messages, phonebook addresses and other important data.
Geinimi is also been called the most sophisticated and advanced malware on Android powered mobiles."Geinimi is effectively being 'grafted' onto repackaged versions of legitimate applications, primarily games, and distributed in third-party Chinese Android app markets," Lookout said in a blog post. "The affected applications request extensive permissions over and above the set that is requested by their legitimate original versions."
Geinimi can -
* Send location coordinates (fine location) * Send device identifiers (IMEI and IMSI) * Download and prompt the user to install an app * Prompt the user to uninstall an app * Enumerate and send a list of installed apps to the server.
In order to remove this Trojan from your mobiles, head over to following location and install the following software - https://www.mylookout.com/download
I'm a final year student of engg. Can u suggest some interesting topics for technical seminar related to information science and engg? wil be waiting for the reply....
1.register/acct creation 2.registration of the product pics/title/photo etc., 3.Then setting the price, 4.Offering the shipping details
the buyer process,
1.acct creation 2.search for the product and select the product 3.add to cart 4.payment via paypal or credit card or something else 5.Confirmation mail abt payment
My questions,
When seller gets the payment from the seller ? Whether immediately after the buyer done the payment or after sending the product to the customers or after sending the product to the e-bay shipping office or when?
WHo will receive the immediate payment ? Seller or the E-Bay
The innovative Cisco Cius is an ultra-portable, mobile collaboration business tablet that offers access to essential business applications and technologies.
Tom is walking throughout a forest. He wants to know what day of the week it is. So he stops and asks a lion and a tiger. Now, the lion lies all of the time on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. The tiger always lies on Thursday, Friday and Saturday. When Tom asked the lion what day it is, he said "Well, yesterday was one of my lying days." Then Tom turns to the tiger and asks what day it is and the tiger replies, "Yesterday was also one of my lying days." What day is it?
"The secret of building a successful team is not to assemble the largest team possible, but rather to assemble a team that can work well together." – Dean Kamen, Founder of FIRST.
We feel it is important that you learn all you can about the FIRST Robotics Competition before committing to forming a team. One way to do this is to find a local team or two, and follow their progress through a competition season. Attending a regional competition will allow you to gauge the impact of the competition for yourself. You can meet with team leaders and students, speak with sponsors, and see robots first-hand.
Once you are ready to start an FRC team, your first step is to form the partnerships you will need with team mentors and sponsors. Local manufacturing and technology companies are ideal candidates for mentors and sponsorship, as are local colleges, universities and technical schools. Many local chapters of professional organizations support FIRST through volunteer help from their engineers, scientists and technologists
I planned to design the online shopping cart application. I visited the some of the sites like ebay for ideas. Still I am searching for the more requirements / ideas to design my application innovatively.
Why I'm asking here is , more of the buyers or sellers have an idea or feeling that some feature is not available in the ebay or some other popular sites while purchasing the product online.
Please put some ideas over here,
PS:- It does not matter what you want to post is already built in E-Bay..I'm collecting inputs/feedbacks only. :)
I am looking for some resources that can help me to learn simple and complex electromechanical relay logic. Hopefully with self tests and worksheets. Also with some practical trouble shooting tests. I have been looking on the web and have been finding some topics but I would also like to enlist the help of CEans as well. I would be interested in free info as well as books I can pay for as well.
"THIS ARTICLE GIVE US LESSONS FROM AN ACCIDENT HAPPENED AT U.S. WITH HYDROGEN EXPLOSION,"
-On January 8, 2007, a hydrogen explosion at the Muskingum River Power Plant's 585-MW coal-fired supercritical Unit 5 caused one fatality, injuries to 10 other people, and significant damage to several buildings. The explosion occurred during a routine delivery of hydrogen when a hydrogen relief device failed, which allowed the contents of the hydrogen tank to escape and be ignited by an unknown source. This article covers the findings of the incident investigation and the actions the plant has taken to prevent a reoccurrence. -The explosion at Muskingum River Power Plant underscores the importance of implementing safe equipment design and construction as well as proper procedures for handling hydrogen in order to prevent the loss of life and property at power plants. -The plant, owned by Ohio Power Co., a subsidiary of American Electric Power Co. Inc. (AEP), is located on the west bank of the Muskingum River near Beverly, Ohio. The plant's Unit 5 has been in service since 1968. Prior to this incident, the plant had a long history of strong safety compliance.
Background to the Explosion
-Hydrogen is used at the Muskingum River plant to cool the unit generators, McCullough explained. He described the standard operating procedures for the delivery of hydrogen to Unit 5. -"After checking in with the plant security, the vendor's driver had sole responsibility for the task of unloading the hydrogen," he said. "The vendor delivered hydrogen approximately once or twice a week and had a blanket contract for hydrogen at the plant for many years." McCullough characterized the vendor as "a self-described 'expert at designing, building and safely operating gaseous hydrogen plants,' [that] provided its own procedures for unloading hydrogen." -Despite the routine use of hydrogen at the plant, plant personnel still had to use caution handling the substance because of its inherently hazardous properties (see sidebar). Hydrogen is the lightest element and is highly flammable.
The Explosion
-McCullough explained what happened when the explosion occurred on January 8, 2007. -"A hydrogen relief device failed, permitting the contents of the hydrogen tank in question to be relieved and be ignited by an unknown source," he said. "The explosion fatally injured the vendor's driver and also injured 10 others who had been working nearby. The explosion caused significant damage to the unit's service building, turbine room, and steam generator building" -McCullough noted that "Ohio Power Co. accident responders and first aid workers responded immediately to the scene to fight the fire and attend to the injured." Local fire department and emergency medical technicians also quickly responded to the incident and assisted with emergency response and evacuation actions
Investigation of the Incident
-In the aftermath of the incident at the Muskingum River Power Plant, AEP personnel conducted their own examination into the cause of the explosion. Due to the fatality and the injuries sustained by workers at the facility, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) also conducted an investigation that included all parties involved in the incident. -"The investigation into this event showed that the relief device was a rupture disc that normally would have been built to relieve pressure to prevent catastrophic failure of the hydrogen tanks," McCullough said. "Normally, the device has a fusible bismuth plug that holds the coin-shaped disc in place until temperatures exceed 180 degrees. The device had been replaced by the hydrogen vendor several months prior, when the vendor was on-site to make repairs related to an apparent leak. The replacement relief device assembly did not have a fusible plug to support the disc." -When the rupture disc failed, the disc, or a piece of fusible plug left in the vent pipe during the replacement several months prior to the explosion, penetrated a bend in the piping, permitting the hydrogen to vent lower down in the area of the tanks as well as up the normal vent path, McCullough explained. -OSHA brought enforcement actions against the involved entities as a result of the findings from its investigation of the incident. Those actions initially consisted of 18 citations, nine each against the hydrogen vendor and Ohio Power Co. After an informal conference, the number of citations against each company was reduced to eight. Most of the citations were directed at the design and construction of the hydrogen system.
Reducing the Risk
-After the incident, AEP took corrective actions to guard against future problems related to the handling of hydrogen at the plant. -"Muskingum River Power Plant employees and employees of plants owned by Ohio Power Co. and its sister corporations (AEP employees) took immediate action to prevent recurrence," McCullough said. "The remaining relief devices were verified as being the correct design and constructed with fusible plugs." -The hydrogen vendor was restricted to delivering only 2,100-psi hydrogen to the site (versus the typical 2,400 psi), and the vendors' employees are now under observation by AEP employees using a defined procedure, the Job Hazard Analysis and Job Safety Assessment Checklist, McCullough explained. -AEP has made other changes in plant operations to further ensure that no more hazardous incidents occur at the facility. "In addition to the procedure changes, the hydrogen system was redesigned and rebuilt to eliminate the use of rupture disc – style relief devices," he said. "Now a relief valve system is used that will reset once pressures have been reduced. The cylinders have been moved away from spaces occupied by people, and the structure is protected from vehicle encroachment and ignition sources."
Key Safety Lessons
-In September 2005, a working group with CIGRE (International Council on Large Electric Systems) estimated that there may be more than 40,000 hydrogen-cooled generators in service around the world. Despite the large number of systems that use pressurized hydrogen to cool generators, for the most part, few incidents or problems occur. However, given the inherently hazardous properties of hydrogen, plant staff working with this flammable material need to regularly review both the equipment and handling procedures to verify that there are no problems. -This case history is intended to be helpful to personnel who deal with hydrogen used to cool the generators at their power plants. Proper management, including safe equipment design and construction and correct procedures for handling hazardous materials, can ensure safe results in dealing with this useful substance.
'This article for, Angela Neville, JD, Senior Editor " ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hydrogen is no more or less dangerous than other flammable materials, including gasoline and natural gas, according to a fact sheet about hydrogen safety jointly published by the Hydrogen Association and the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. In fact, some of hydrogen's differences actually provide safety benefits compared with gasoline or other fuels. However, all flammable materials must be handled responsibly. Like gasoline and natural gas, hydrogen is flammable and can behave dangerously under specific conditions. Nonetheless, hydrogen can be handled safely when simple guidelines are observed and the user has an understanding of its behavior.
Comparison with Other Flammable Materials
-Hydrogen is lighter than air and diffuses rapidly — 3.8 times faster than natural gas — which means that when released, it dilutes quickly into a nonflammable concentration. -Hydrogen rises two times faster than helium and six times faster than natural gas at a speed of almost 45 mph (65.6 feet/second). Therefore, unless a roof, a poorly ventilated room, or some other structure contains the rising gas, the laws of physics prevent hydrogen from lingering near a leak (or near people using hydrogen-filled equipment). Simply stated, to become a fire hazard, hydrogen must first be confined; however, because hydrogen is the lightest element in the universe, it is very difficult to confine. Industry takes these properties into account when designing structures in which hydrogen will be used. The designs help hydrogen escape up and away from the user in case of an unexpected release. -Hydrogen is odorless, colorless, and tasteless, so human senses won't detect a leak. However, given hydrogen's tendency to rise quickly, a hydrogen leak indoors would briefly collect on the ceiling and eventually move toward the corners. For that and other reasons, industry often uses hydrogen sensors to help detect hydrogen leaks and has maintained a high safety record using them for decades.
Combustion
-Hydrogen combustion primarily produces heat and water. Due to the absence of carbon and the presence of heat-absorbing water vapor created when hydrogen burns, a hydrogen fire has significantly less radiant heat compared with a hydrocarbon fire. Because a hydrogen fire emits low levels of heat near the flame (the flame itself is just as hot), the risk of secondary fires is lower. -Like any flammable substance, hydrogen can combust. But hydrogen's buoyancy, diffusivity, and small molecular size make it difficult to contain and create a combustible situation. In order for a hydrogen fire to occur, an adequate concentration of hydrogen, the presence of an ignition source and the right amount of oxidizer (like oxygen) must be present at the same time. -Hydrogen has a wide flammability range (4% to 74% in air), and the energy required to ignite hydrogen (0.02 mJ) can be very low. However, at low concentrations (below 10%) the energy required to ignite hydrogen is high — similar to the energy required to ignite natural gas and gasoline in their respective flammability ranges — making hydrogen realistically more difficult to ignite near its lower flammability limit.
Explosion
-An explosion cannot occur in a tank or any contained location that contains only hydrogen. An oxidizer such as oxygen must be present in a concentration of at least 10% pure oxygen or 41% air. Hydrogen can be explosive at concentrations of 18.3% to 59%. Although this range is wide, it is important to remember that gasoline can present a greater danger than hydrogen because the potential for explosion occurs with gasoline at much lower concentrations: 1.1% to 3.3%. Furthermore, there is very little likelihood that hydrogen will explode in open air due to its tendency to rise quickly. This is the opposite of what we find for heavier gases such as propane or gasoline fumes, which hover near the ground, creating a greater danger for explosion.
Asphyxiation
With the exception of oxygen, any gas can cause asphyxiation. In most scenarios, hydrogen's buoyancy and diffusivity make hydrogen unlikely to be confined where asphyxiation might occur.
Toxicity/Poison
Hydrogen is nontoxic and nonpoisonous. It will not contaminate groundwater (it's a gas under normal atmospheric conditions), nor will a release of hydrogen contribute to atmospheric pollution. Hydrogen does not create "fumes."
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